Origins of the Festival of Lights

Diwali, also known as Deepavali — from Sanskrit meaning “row of lights” — is one of the most significant festivals in India and across the Hindu world. Its history spans more than 2,500 years, woven from regional traditions and layered meanings. While often associated with the return of Lord Rama after defeating the demon Ravana, Diwali also celebrates the goddess Lakshmi, symbol of prosperity, and marks the start of a new financial year in many parts of India.

Historically, the lighting of lamps was both practical and symbolic. As autumn harvests ended and darker nights settled in, the glow of flickering diyas represented protection, hope, and the renewal of spirit. The festival’s timing — following the new moon of Kartika — emphasizes new beginnings emerging from darkness.

A Festival with Many Stories

The meaning of Diwali varies by region, but each story reflects a universal triumph of light over darkness and renewal over despair:

• Northern India: Diwali marks the joyous return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya after 14 years in exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. Villagers illuminated the night with oil lamps to guide him home.
• Western India: It celebrates the goddess Lakshmi, who emerged from the cosmic ocean during creation — symbolizing prosperity born from persistence.
• Southern India: The festival honors Lord Krishna’s victory over the demon Narakasura, freeing thousands from captivity and restoring righteousness.
• Eastern India: In Bengal, Kali Puja coincides with Diwali, honoring Goddess Kali, who destroys ignorance and restores balance.
• Jain tradition: Diwali marks the spiritual liberation (nirvana) of Lord Mahavira.
• Sikh tradition: It commemorates Guru Hargobind’s release from imprisonment in 1619 — a victory of faith and freedom.

Symbols and Spiritual Meaning

Each element of Diwali carries deep significance. The diyas invite light and clarity; rangoli designs welcome good fortune; and firecrackers are said to drive away negativity. The sacred syllable Om (ॐ) resonates through prayers, symbolizing universal consciousness, while the lotus reflects purity rising above the chaos of the world — a reminder to act with integrity and grace.

Among the most recognized deities during Diwali is Ganesha, the remover of obstacles, whose image often sits beside Lakshmi. Their pairing captures the spirit of the festival: wisdom guiding prosperity, effort balanced by faith.

Traditions That Illuminate Everyday Life

Across India, families clean and decorate their homes, prepare sweets, and share gifts. Markets fill with marigolds and diyas, and entire cities shimmer with lights. In northern India, fireworks light the sky; in the south, oil lamps float on rivers; in the west, the first business ledgers of the new year are opened with blessings.

The celebration extends far beyond India’s borders — from Singapore and Mauritius to London and New York — wherever Indian communities live and work. In each place, the festival adapts while preserving its heart: renewal, gratitude, and generosity.

Greetings, Etiquette, and Business Relevance

During Diwali, greetings are warm, personal, and often rooted in expressions of goodwill and prosperity. Common phrases include “Shubh Deepavali” or “Happy Diwali”, both wishing joy and success. When sending messages or gifts, timing matters — it’s customary to extend greetings during the five-day celebration, especially on the main day known as Deepavali or Lakshmi Puja.

From a business perspective, Diwali offers more than a holiday pause — it’s a moment of renewal, appreciation, and reconnection. Many Indian companies close for a few days to perform puja ceremonies (rituals of gratitude) and to mark the start of a new financial cycle. For global partners, acknowledging Diwali thoughtfully — with a message of goodwill or recognition — strengthens relationships and demonstrates cultural respect.

In short, Diwali reminds us that success in global business is built not only on performance metrics, but also on understanding the values that light the way for our colleagues and clients around the world.

Sharing the Light

Recognizing moments like Diwali isn’t just cultural courtesy — it reflects awareness, appreciation, and connection — the foundations of lasting partnerships in India and beyond. A simple greeting, a message of prosperity, or a thoughtful acknowledgment can illuminate more than a workplace — it can strengthen trust and bridge understanding across borders.